As the United States loses its claim to hegemonic power, Israeli aggression in the Middle East intensifies, and institutions established in the aftermath of World War II — chiefly the United Nations — increasingly lose their functionality, the search for a new world order has become inevitable. In this context, the Middle East appears destined for redesign through new alliances and emerging power centers. The most striking manifestation of this redesign is Syria, which, with its ethnic, religious, and sectarian diversity, represents a microcosm of the broader Middle East. Given its shared border with Turkey and the inability to control terrorist groups positioned in its northeast, the reconstruction of Syria has become a matter of national security for Turkey. Therefore, ensuring that Syria reemerges as a stable, unitary nation-state is as vital for Turkey as it is for Syrians themselves. However, Israel, conversely, prefers a fragmented and weak Syria — a federation of autonomous mini-states that would serve its expansionist agenda. Consequently, the potential for direct confrontation between Turkey and Israel over the Syrian issue is steadily increasing. Although the new Syrian state, established after the “Arab Revolution,” is led by a government sympathetic to Turkey, it has not yet fully institutionalized its administrative and political structures. This paper examines the regional and geopolitical dimensions of the Syrian Revolution and explores the sociopolitical character of post-revolution Syria.
Syrian Revolution, New Syrian State, Israeli Expansionism, Nation-Building Strategies, PKK